MySql

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$ mysql -u root -p
> CREATE DATABASE db-name;
> CREATE USER 'who-am-i'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'change-me';
> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON db-name.* TO 'who-am-i'@'localhost';
> FLUSH PRIVILEGES;

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> USE mysql;
> UPDATE user SET password=PASSWORD('YourPasswordHere') WHERE User='root' AND Host = 'localhost';
> FLUSH PRIVILEGES;

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$ mysqldump -h host -u root -p --all-databases > all.sql
$ mysqldump -h host -u root -p --opt --skip-extended-insert one > one.sql
$ mysql -u root -p one < one.sql

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SHOW DATABASES; # show databases
USE db-name; # connect database
SHOW TABLES; # show tables
DESC table-name; # show table scheme

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SET PASSWORD FOR root@localhost = PASSWORD('change-me');

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[mysqld]
init-file=/tmp/reset.mysqld

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$ sudo mysql -u root

mysql> USE mysql;
mysql> SELECT User, Host, plugin FROM mysql.user;

mysql> USE mysql;
mysql> CREATE USER 'YOUR_SYSTEM_USER'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'YOUR_PASSWD';
mysql> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'YOUR_SYSTEM_USER'@'localhost';
mysql> UPDATE user SET plugin='auth_socket' WHERE User='YOUR_SYSTEM_USER';
mysql> FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
mysql> exit;

$ sudo service mysql restart